The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework has 23 action-oriented global targets for action over the decade to 2030. Actions to reach these targets aim to be implemented consistently to align with the Convention on Biological Diversity, and other relevant international objectives.
Australia joined other parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2022, adopting the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Australia will report against all 23 targets.
Here we look at the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework 23 Global Targets for 2030 and align pollination and pollinator services to the global objectives.
Targets:
1. Plan and Manage all Areas To Reduce Biodiversity Loss
Ensure that all areas are under participatory, integrated and biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land- and sea‑use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.
Pollinators: Spatial planning considering pollinator habitats, migration corridors, and foraging areas.
2. Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems
Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and marine and coastal ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.
Pollinators: Pollinators deliver on the restoration of degraded ecosystems through plant vitalisation.
3. Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas
Ensure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas, and of marine and coastal areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognising indigenous and traditional territories, where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognising and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, including over their traditional territories.
Pollinators: Protected areas can safeguard nesting and foraging habitat.
4. Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts
Ensure urgent management actions to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimise human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.
Pollinators: This includes pollinator species.
5. Ensure Sustainable, Safe and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species
Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimising impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spillover, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.
Pollinators: Addresses exploitation and habitat degradation affecting wild pollinators.
6. Reduce the Introduction of Invasive Alien Species by 50% and Minimise Their Impact
Eliminate, minimise, reduce and or mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity and ecosystem services by identifying and managing pathways of the introduction of alien species, preventing the introduction and establishment of priority invasive alien species, reducing the rates of introduction and establishment of other known or potential invasive alien species by at least 50 per cent by 2030, and eradicating or controlling invasive alien species, especially in priority sites, such as islands.
Pollinators: Pollinators co evolve with plants and develop highly specialised relationships.
7. Reduce Pollution to Levels That Are Not Harmful to Biodiversity
Reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources by 2030, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: (a) by reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half, including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; (b) by reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half, including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and (c) by preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.
Pollinators: Pollinator help to purify air quality from pollution and are a key driver for pollution reduction.
8. Minimise the Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Build Resilience
Minimise the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on biodiversity and increase its resilience through mitigation, adaptation, and disaster risk reduction actions, including through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches, while minimizsng negative and fostering positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity.
Pollinators: Climate change affects pollinator distribution and phenology; biodiversity-based solutions help build resilience.
9. Manage Wild Species Sustainably To Benefit People
Ensure that the management and use of wild species are sustainable, thereby providing social, economic and environmental benefits for people, especially those in vulnerable situations and those most dependent on biodiversity, including through sustainable biodiversity-based activities, products and services that enhance biodiversity, and protecting and encouraging customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities.
Pollinators: Applies to pollination services in agriculture and forestry; sustainable practices support pollinators.
10. Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry
Ensure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches, contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems, and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services.
Pollinators: Promotes habitat conservation, reduced pesticide use, and crop diversity—all beneficial to pollinators.
11. Restore, Maintain and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People
Restore, maintain and enhance nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, such as the regulation of air, water and climate, soil health, pollination and reduction of disease risk, as well as protection from natural hazards and disasters, through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches for the benefit of all people and nature.
Pollinators: Urban green spaces are important habitat for pollinators.
12. Enhance Green Spaces and Urban Planning for Human Well-Being and Biodiversity
Significantly increase the area and quality, and connectivity of, access to, and benefits from green and blue spaces in urban and densely populated areas sustainably, by mainstreaming the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and ensure biodiversity-inclusive urban planning, enhancing native biodiversity, ecological connectivity and integrity, and improving human health and well-being and connection to nature, and contributing to inclusive and sustainable urbanisation and to the provision of ecosystem functions and services.
Pollinators: Encourages pollinator gardens and urban food cultivation.
13. Increase the Sharing of Benefits From Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information and Traditional Knowledge
Take effective legal, policy, administrative and capacity-building measures at all levels, as appropriate, to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits that arise from the utilisation of genetic resources and from digital sequence information on genetic resources, as well as traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, and facilitating appropriate access to genetic resources, and by 2030, facilitating a significant increase of the benefits shared, in accordance with applicable international access and benefit-sharing instruments.
Pollinators: Traditional knowledge of bees and pollinators is expressed in culture.
14. Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level
Ensure the full integration of biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planning and development processes, poverty eradication strategies, strategic environmental assessments, environmental impact assessments and, as appropriate, national accounting, within and across all levels of government and across all sectors, in particular those with significant impacts on biodiversity, progressively aligning all relevant public and private activities, and fiscal and financial flows with the goals and targets of this framework.
Pollinators: Encourages integration of pollinator conservation into agriculture and planning.
15. Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
Take legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable business, and in particular to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial institutions:
(a) Regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity, including with requirements for all large as well as transnational companies and financial institutions along their operations, supply and value chains, and portfolios;
(b) Provide information needed to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns;
(c) Report on compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations and measures, as applicable;
in order to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production.
Pollinators: Pollinator health is influenced by the actions of industry.
16. Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption
Ensure that people are encouraged and enabled to make sustainable consumption choices, including by establishing supportive policy, legislative or regulatory frameworks, improving education and access to relevant and accurate information and alternatives, and by 2030, reduce the global footprint of consumption in an equitable manner, including through halving global food waste, significantly reducing overconsumption and substantially reducing waste generation, in order for all people to live well in harmony with Mother Earth.
Pollinators: Help to improve our usage and work with localised ecosystem services with our foraging radius.
17. Strengthen Biosafety and Distribute the Benefits of Biotechnology
Establish, strengthen capacity for, and implement in all countries, biosafety measures as set out in Article 8(g) of the Convention on Biological Diversity and measures for the handling of biotechnology and distribution of its benefits as set out in Article 19 of the Convention.
Pollinators: Traditional practices support habitat conservation.
18. Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity
Identify by 2025, and eliminate, phase out or reform incentives, including subsidies, harmful for biodiversity, in a proportionate, just, fair, effective and equitable way, while substantially and progressively reducing them by at least $500 billion per year by 2030, starting with the most harmful incentives, and scale up positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.
Pollinators: Scaling up positive incentives for biodiversity that will include pollinators.
19. Mobilise $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance
Substantially and progressively increase the level of financial resources from all sources, in an effective, timely and easily accessible manner, including domestic, international, public and private resources, in accordance with Article 20 of the Convention, to implement national biodiversity strategies and action plans, mobilizing at least $200 billion per year by 2030, including by:
(a) Increasing total biodiversity related international financial resources from developed countries, including official development assistance, and from countries that voluntarily assume obligations of developed country Parties, to developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, to at least $20 billion per year by 2025, and to at least $30 billion per year by 2030;
(b) Significantly increasing domestic resource mobilization, facilitated by the preparation and implementation of national biodiversity finance plans or similar instruments according to national needs, priorities and circumstances;
(c) Leveraging private finance, promoting blended finance, implementing strategies for raising new and additional resources, and encouraging the private sector to invest in biodiversity, including through impact funds and other instruments;
(d) Stimulating innovative schemes such as payment for ecosystem services, green bonds, biodiversity offsets and credits, and benefit-sharing mechanisms, with environmental and social safeguards;
(e) Optimizing co-benefits and synergies of finance targeting the biodiversity and climate crises;
(f) Enhancing the role of collective actions, including by indigenous peoples and local communities, Mother Earth centric actions[1] and non-market-based approaches including community based natural resource management and civil society cooperation and solidarity aimed at the conservation of biodiversity;
(g) Enhancing the effectiveness, efficiency and transparency of resource provision and use;
Pollinators: Supporting pollinator research, conservation programs, and sustainable farming.
20. Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity
Strengthen capacity-building and development, access to and transfer of technology, and promote development of and access to innovation and technical and scientific cooperation, including through South‑South, North-South and triangular cooperation, to meet the needs for effective implementation, particularly in developing countries, fostering joint technology development and joint scientific research programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and strengthening scientific research and monitoring capacities, commensurate with the ambition of the goals and targets of the Framework.
Pollinators: Deliver training to farmers in pollinator-friendly practices and citizen science.
21. Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
Ensure that the best available data, information and knowledge are accessible to decision makers, practitioners and the public to guide effective and equitable governance, integrated and participatory management of biodiversity, and to strengthen communication, awareness-raising, education, monitoring, research and knowledge management and, also in this context, traditional knowledge, innovations, practices and technologies of indigenous peoples and local communities should only be accessed with their free, prior and informed consent,[2] in accordance with national legislation.
Pollinators: Enhances understanding of pollinator population, morphology and distribution.
22. Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
Ensure the full, equitable, inclusive, effective and gender-responsive representation and participation in decision-making, and access to justice and information related to biodiversity by indigenous peoples and local communities, respecting their cultures and their rights over lands, territories, resources, and traditional knowledge, as well as by women and girls, children and youth, and persons with disabilities and ensure the full protection of environmental human rights defenders.
Pollinators: Empowers local stewardship of pollinator habitats.
23. Ensure Gender Equality and a Gender-Responsive Approach for Biodiversity Action
Ensure gender equality in the implementation of the Framework through a gender-responsive approach, where all women and girls have equal opportunity and capacity to contribute to the three objectives of the Convention, including by recognizing their equal rights and access to land and natural resources and their full, equitable, meaningful and informed participation and leadership at all levels of action, engagement, policy and decision-making related to biodiversity.
Pollinators: Equality serves as best practice.
Read more here: https://www.cbd.int/gbf/targets